Source: RexResearch There is a little known energy device, rumored to have been used by the government, which mani-fested a spectacular ...
Source: RexResearch
There is a little known energy device, rumored to have been used by the government, which mani-fested a spectacular 20 kilowatt output from a pair of “thermionic” cylindrical tubes. The stain-less steel tubes were 22 inches long and only four inches in diameter. The inventor, Jasper L. James, died shortly after filing his patent in 1981, but the patent, Thermionic-Thermoelectric Generator System and Apparatus, US 4,368,416 was still issued in 1983. What is peculiar is that the explanation in the patent completely violates thermodynamics on a number of points, yet the patent was granted because the device actually worked – perhaps too well. What did make sense in the patent was the switch-ing circuit, which offered a clue to the correct explanation for the device. The output from each hot tube was switched to charge an associated external capacitor via a large pulse. The thermionic tube operates at the “pulsed abnormal glow discharge” region, discovered by Paulo and Alexandra Correa (US patent 5,449,989), to manifest a negative resistance characteristic and excess energy production. This is the first time a public presentation for the James device has ever been given, and the explanation offers a surprising room temp variant.
US4368416
Thermionic-thermoelectric generator system and apparatus
Inventor(s): JAMES JASPER L +
Apparatus is disclosed including a compact thermionic generator formed with an outer cathode cylinder and an axially concentric inner anode cylinder. The cylinders are sealed and evacuated and provided with external electrical connections leading to the cathode and anode cylinders. A thermoelectric generator formed of a folded length of thermocouples is nested within the anode cylinder with respective ends thermically and electrically coupled to the cathode and anode cylinders. Sufficient heat applied to the outer cylinder causes the thermionic emission from the cathode to anode cylinders to be enhanced by the positive potential applied to the anode cylinder from the internal thermoelectric generator which is also responsive to the applied heat to generate the positive potential relative to the potential of the cathode cylinder. A generator system is also disclosed in which a pair of these generators is interconnected by a solid state switching circuit to an output load via intermediate charging capacitors.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
This invention relates to a combination thermionic-thermoelectric generator and more particularly to an apparatus and system which provides improved performance over prior known apparatus of this general type.
Thermionic and thermoelectric generators are well known in the art to be capable of generating electric currents by the application of heat to the devices. In the case of thermionic generators, current is created by the emission of electrons from a surface which has been heated sufficiently to allow the electron energy to overcome the potential barrier energy level of the surface. The basic theory of thermionic energy conversion is discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,980,819--Feaster issued Apr. 18, 1961. One difficulty known to exist with converters of this type is the relatively low usuable potential that can be developed unless a relatively large number of converters are cascaded in series with consequent increase in bulk and cost. Also, converters that give usuable current levels generally require extremely close interelectrode spacing between the emitters and collector electrodes, generally on the order of one millimeter. The difficulty in achieving and maintaining such close spacing, particularly at the high temperatures, e.g. 1200 DEG C. required to have usable electron emission, has limited the commercial usefulness of thermionic converters to highly specialized applications.
Thermoelectric converters, comprising a series of thermocouples, are also well known. In this device a current is generated by electron flow at the interface between the abutting surfaces of dissimilar materials maintained at different temperatures. By cascading a large number of these thermocouples, a thermopile can be produced which generates usable potential levels limited, in general, only by the practical length of the thermopile.
In the past, a number of combined thermionic and thermoelectric generators have been proposed in which the two types of devices are packaged together and electrically connected at a common therminal so that the heat applied to the package causes both generators to develop current outputs, usually at separate output terminals. Examples of such devices are shown and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,189,765 and 3,430,079 issued June 15, 1965, and Feb. 25, 1969, respectively.
Despite the prior art which exists in this technology, it is believed that heretofore there has not existed a small, compack thermionic-thermoelectric generator apparatus capable of producing usable levels of current at usable potential levels. It is an object of this invention to provide a system embodying the improved apparatus with suitable switching circuits to furnish electrical current at usable potential levels to a load impedance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Thus in accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided thermionic-thermoelectric generator apparatus comprising a first elongated metallic cylindrical electrode having its internal surface coated with a thermionic electron emmissive material and a second elongated metallic cylindrical electrode nested coaxially within the first cylinder electrode, this second cylinder having at least the outer surface thereof coated with graphite to serve as a collector electrode for the electrons emitted from the first cylinder surface. Preferably the interelectrode spacing between the two cylinders is substantially uniform along the axial length thereof. The apparatus is further provided with a plurality ofthermopiles nested within the second cylinder, the thermopiles being electrically connected in series with one end consisting of electron donor material electrically coupled to the first cylinder, the other end consisting of electron acceptor material being electrically coupled to the second or inner cylinder. Means, such as sealable vacuum fittings are provided by which the outer cylinder may be evacuated and the vacuum maintained in the interelectrode space between the two cylinders. Means are also provided , such as at the end of the cylinders opposite the vacuum fitting, to provide external electrical connections from the cylinder electrodes to a load circuit.
In the system of the invention, there is also included, with a pair of generators such as just described, circuit means for coupling in repetitive alternating sequence, each of the generators to output load terminals to provide a continuous electrical current flow to a load impedance connected to the load terminals.
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https://patents.google.com/patent/US4368416A/en?inventor=JAMES+JASPER&oq=JAMES+JASPER
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